The current paper investigates the optical absorption spectrum of Al .  Ga .  N/ GaN Multi-Quantum Well (MQW) under hydrostatic pressure. To obtain the parameters of    .    .   /   MQW, such as electron and hole density, bandgap, interband transition energy, electron-hole wave functions, effective mass and dielectric constant, and the hydrostatic pressure effects are taken into account. Finite difference techniques have been used to acquire energy eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenfunctions of    .    .   /   MQW and the hole eigenstates are calculated via a 6 × 6 k. p method under an applied hydrostatic pressure. It was found that the depth of the quantum Wells, bandgaps, band offset, the electron, and hole density increases with the hydrostatic pressure. Also, as the pressure increases, the electron and hole wave functions will have less overlap, the amplitude of the absorption coefficient increases, and the binding energy of the excitons decreases. A change in pressure of up to 10 GPa causes the absorption coefficients peaks of light and heavy holes to shift to low wavelengths of up to 32 nm.

Today, electron leakage in InP-based separate confinement laser diode has a serious effect on device performance. Control of electron leakage current is the aim of many studies in semiconductor laser industry. In this study, for the first time, a new asymmetric waveguide structure with n-interlayer for a 1. 325 μ, m InP-based laser diode with InGaAsP Multi-Quantum Well is proposed and theoretically analyzed using the PICS3D simulation software. The simulator self-consistently combines the 3D simulation of carrier transport, self-heating, and optical waveguiding. Through the simulation, the optical and electrical performances of laser diodes with symmetric and asymmetric waveguides are studied. Numerical simulation reveals that the asymmetric structure exhibits higher output light power, slope efficiency, emission intensity, and series resistance, as Well as lower electron leakage and threshold current density under identical conditions, compared with the symmetric structure. The performances are greatly enhanced in the laser diode with asymmetric waveguide design because of the improved radiative stimulated recombination rate, declined non-radiative Auger recombination rate and decreased overlap between the optical wave and the p-doped layer.

Dēnkard (Acts of the religion), written in Pahlavi, is a summary of 10th-century knowledge of the Mazdean religion and is described by Jean de Menasce on the title page of his translation as a ‘Mazdean encyclopedia.’ The Dēnkard VI (Book VI of the Dēnkard) is representative of late antique and early medieval Zoroastrian ethical ideas. This article analyzes Book VI of the Dēnkard based on modern moral philosophy and introduces it as a candidate for early consequentialism and capitalism. The first generation of Iranian studies scholars in the late 19th and early 20th centuries such as Buch, Darmesteter, and Menant were aware of these concepts and even explained some of them, but the next generation did not take them seriously. This article also analyzes paymān (the ‘right measure’), that is the ancient Iranian ‘golden mean,’ in Book VI of the Dēnkard and shows the similarities and differences between paymān and the Aristotelian ‘golden mean.’ Probably, due to the biblical tradition in the interpretation of ancient religious texts or the anti-utilitarianism and anti-capitalism atmosphere in the second half of the 20th century, many scholars like Shaked inclined to the view that paymān is the main ethical principle of the Dēnkard VI and neglected its consequentialist and capitalist concepts.